Age-standardised relative survival (%) for all cancers combined (ICD-9 code 140-172 and 174-208) five years after diagnosis for men, women and total diagnosed 1990-1994, in a number of countries (source: Eurocare-3; Sant et al., 2003)

UK: United Kingdom

Remarks

In order to be comparable between different populations, relative survival figures must be either age-specific or age-standardised. In EUROCARE-3 relative survival tabulated by country is presented as age-standardised survival. Age standardised country-specific survival was calculated by the direct method, using five age classes and, as standard, the age distribution of the whole set of cases analysed for each site. The same standard distribution was used for both sexes.

Age-standardised relative survival for total are calculated as weighted average of male and female age-standardised relative survival.

Difficulties in ascertaining the vital status of incident cases generally result in an overestimation of survival as deaths are missed. The relative survival data for poor prognosis cancers, such as lung, pleura and liver cancer are indirect indicators of follow-up quality. High survival for such cancers suggests (but does not prove) inadequate follow up procedures. Inadequate follow-up is likely in Spain, Austria and, for 10-year survival, in Wales. The survival data for these countries should therefore be considered as less reliable than for other registries (Capocaccia et al., 2003).

Screening or early diagnostic activity (for breast and cervical cancers) must be taken in account in the interpretation of country differences in survival among countries when such activities are not similar in all countries (Capocaccia et al., 2003).